Sijekovac killings
| Sijekovac killings Sijekovac massacre | |
|---|---|
| Location | Sijekovac, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Date | 26 March 1992 |
| Target | Serbs |
| Deaths | 11[1][2]–58 |
| Perpetrators | Croatian Defence Forces, Bosnian forces, Croatian Army and other militia |
The Sijekovac killings, also called the Sijekovac massacre, refers to the killing of Serb civilians, in Sijekovac near Bosanski Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 26 March 1992. The assailants were members of Croat and Bosniak army units. The exact number of casualties is unknown. The initial reported number was eleven, while the Republika Srpska authorities listed 47, however, exhumations in Sijekovac carried out for two weeks in 2004 unearthed 58 bodies of victims, of whom 18 were children.
Background
[edit]The fighting in Posavina began on 3 March 1992, after the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) declared a Serb municipality in Bosanski Brod, trying to take control away from Bosniaks and Croats. Serbian Territorial Defense forces set up barricades in the town and tried to seize the strategically important bridge linking the town with Croatia, prompting the local Croats and Muslims to form a joint headquarters, and to request assistance from the Croatian Army, based just across the border in Slavonski Brod.[3] According to a local report, 200 shells fell on Bosanski Brod on the first day of the Serb attack. Neither side managed to prevail, and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) sent its 327th Motorized Brigade to the city.[3] Following a ceasefire of several weeks the JNA and Serb militias once again attacked the town, launching a heavy artillery bombardment and sniper fire, and looting took place in the Croat quarter of the town.[4]
The Croats retaliated by attacking the village of Sijekovac on the right side of the Sava River, across from Croatia. At the time, as the Bosnian War was starting, it was still populated by members of all three ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the initial reports in 1992, three members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina arrived by helicopter to investigate a reported "dozen killed civilians".[5] The initial reported number of victims was eleven.[2]
Events
[edit]The detailed testimonies about the murders, tortures and rape that ensued after Croat units occupied the village were recorded by the ICTY but no one was ever indicted; instead all of the documentation was passed to courts in Sarajevo in 2004.[6] The trial was underway in 2014. In July 2016 a written testimony of crimes emerged, documents allowing members of Croat units to sexually abuse imprisoned Serb women, signed by a local commander Ahmet Čaušević.[7]
The authorities of Republika Srpska marked the site with a monument[when?] listing 47 casualties.[8] Among those publicly implicated by the Serbian side are the 108th brigade of Croatian National Guard (by then renamed into the Croatian Army),[9][10] the Intervention Squad of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina[10] and the Croatian Defence Forces.[10]
In 2002, during the ICTY Prijedor massacre Trial against Milomir Stakić, former leader of the Bosnian Serbs in Prijedor, the Defence called a survivor of the alleged massacre in Sijekovac to support a claim that the Bosnian War was caused not by the Serbs, but by incursions into Bosnian territory by the Croatian army north of Bosanski Šamac.[11][12][13]
In 2004, the judge of the Zenica-Doboj Court and member of the FBiH Commission for Tracing Missing persons, Enisa Adrović, noted that the exhumations which had taken 14 days recovered 58 corpses and was done under the supervision of Federation Commission for Missing Persons. The victims were mostly Serb civilians. The first 8 bodies found had personal objects (clothing, a belt, buttons, glasses), yet the remaining 49 [sic] bodies had no objects that could help in their identification. Among them there were 18 bodies of children. RS monitors mentioned the possibility of an illegal trade in human organs, as the victims were mostly naked.[14]
Several exhumation officials initially suspected that most victims were civilians from Vukovar, including Goran Krcmar, a member of the Republika Srpska Office for Missing Persons and the District Prosecutor of Doboj, Slavko Krulj, who referenced the Veritas Information Center.[14] No representatives from the Republic of Croatia's Office for Missing Persons were present at the exhumation.[14] Savo Štrbac, Director of the Veritas Information Center, claimed the number of children found seemed to vastly exceed the number of children actually reported as missing from Sijekovac.[14] As of 2004[update], Veritas listed 22 Serb children missing from the Vukovar hospital in 1992.[14] Tomo Aračić, president of Udruženje '92, the organization that initiated the exhumation in the first place, said that they had no actual information about any Vukovar children at Sijekovac.[15] The presiding officer of the FBiH Commission for Missing Persons, Marko Jurišić, claimed the identities of the majority of the bodies were unknown and that only analysis by forensic experts could determine such details.[15]
In May 2010, the leaders of Republika Srpska (Rajko Kuzmanović and Milorad Dodik), the Croatian president (Ivo Josipović) and a prominent Bosniak leader (Sulejman Tihić) all visited the site to pay respect to around fifty civilian victims of the March 1992 events, at the local Orthodox Church of Saint Marina the Martyr.[10] The site and the visit provoked some controversy in Croatia, with allegations of impropriety levelled against President Josipović and the authorities of Republika Srpska for misattributing some of the casualties.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Judah, Tim (2008). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300147841.
- ^ a b "Srebrenica: a 'safe' area – Appendix XIII – Chronology of the Bosnian conflict 1990–1995" (PDF). Netherlands Institute for War Documentation. 1998. p. 43.
- ^ a b CIA 2002, p. 311
- ^ Nederlands Institut voor Oologsdocumentatie, Part I: The Yugoslavian problem and the role of the West 1991–1994, Chapter 5: The start of the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina: March–May 1992.
- ^ Chuck Sudetic (28 March 1992). "BOSNIA ASKING U.N. FOR PEACE FORCES". New York Times. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ "Zločin bez kazne". B92.
- ^ "Monstruozni dokumenti". Blic.
- ^ a b "Posavljaci Josipoviću – Ne idite u Bosansku Posavinu, Dodik će vas prevariti". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 29 May 2010. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ "Poziv zvaničnicima na pomen za 60 ubijenih Srba u Sijekovcu". Nezavisne novine. 13 March 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
- ^ a b c d "Hrvatski predsjednik dočekan pljeskom – Josipović odao počast ubijenim srpskim civilima". Novi list (in Croatian). 30 May 2010. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- ^ "Testimony of one Nijaz Kapetanović". Case Number IT-97-24-T, the Prosecutor versus Milomir Stakic. UN ICTY. 14 May 2002. p. 2976. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
Q. [...] Have you ever heard of massacres at Sijekovac and Kupres which occurred in the month of March 1992? A. As far as I heard, yes. [...]
- ^ "Courtside: Prijedor Genocide Trial". Institute for War and Peace Reporting. 29 April 2005.
- ^ "Open session". Case Number IT-97-24-T, the Prosecutor versus Milomir Stakic. ICTY. 18 November 2002. p. 9086. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
[Defence attorney] Mr. Lukić: [Interpretation] Therefore, the incursion of the regular Croatian forces into the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina occurred on the 3rd of May, 1992. After that, on the 26th of March, there was the massacre of Serb civilians in the village of Sijekovac in Bosanski Brod Municipality which was also covered in all the media, and members of the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina went to the scene. [...]
- ^ a b c d e SFOR & 11 August 2004.
- ^ a b Garmaz, Željko; Matkić, Zoran (13 August 2004). "Djeca iskopana iz grobnice u Sijekovcu nisu iz Vukovara". Vjesnik (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 17 August 2004. Retrieved 1 May 2009.
Sources
[edit]- Drago Jovanović; Gordana Bundalo; Miloš Govedarica, eds. (1994). Iskorenjivanje Srba u Bosni i Hercegovini, 1992–1993 [The Eradication of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992–1993]. Belgrade: RAD. pp. 63–76.
- "Чубриловић: Процесуирати одговорне за злочин у Сијековцу". RTRS.
- "ЗЛОЧИН БЕЗ КАЗНЕ: У Сијековцу зверски убијено 46 српских цивила – жена, деце и стараца (видео)". Srbija danas.
- Nezavisne novine (11 August 2004). "EXHUMATIONS – Most victims suspected to be civilians from Vukovar". Main News Summary: Wednesday, 11 August 2004. SFOR. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
Bibliography
[edit]- Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis (2002). Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. OCLC 50396958.
